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Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2001) - Jan Mayen (2002)

Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2001) z Jan Mayen (2002)

 Sao Tome and Principe (2001)Jan Mayen (2002)
 Sao Tome and PrincipeJan Mayen
Administrative divisions 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome

note:
Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995		 -
Age structure 0-14 years:
47.7% (male 39,857; female 38,859)

15-64 years:
48.28% (male 38,430; female 41,246)

65 years and over:
4.02% (male 3,034; female 3,608) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish -
Airports 2 (2000 est.) 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area total:
1,001 sq km

land:
1,001 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 373 sq km


land: 373 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative more than five times the size of Washington, DC slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The first free elections were held in 1991. This desolate, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; it is the northernmost active volcano on earth.
Birth rate 42.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$58 million

expenditures:
$114 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (1993 est.)		 -
Capital Sao Tome -
Climate tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog
Coastline 209 km 124.1 km
Constitution approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990 -
Country name conventional long form:
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe

conventional short form:
Sao Tome and Principe

local long form:
Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe

local short form:
Sao Tome e Principe		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Jan Mayen
Currency dobra (STD) -
Death rate 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $268 million (2000) -
Dependency status - territory of Norway; administered from Oslo through a governor (sysselmann) resident in Longyearbyen (Svalbard); however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands -
Diplomatic representation in the US Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604, New York, NY 10168, telephone [1] (212) 317-0533 -
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program -
Economy - overview This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 25 years ago. However, cocoa production has substantially declined because of drought and mismanagement. The resulting shortage of cocoa for export has created a persistent balance-of-payments problem. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a significant amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies, but economic growth has remained sluggish. Sao Tome is also optimistic that significant petroleum discoveries are forthcoming in its territorial waters in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea. Corruption scandals continue to weaken the economy. At the same time, progress in the economic reform program has attracted international financial institutions' support, and GDP growth will likely rise to at least 4% in 2001-02. Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations located on the island.
Electricity - consumption 15.8 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 17 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
41.18%

hydro:
58.82%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m		 lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m


highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) -
Exchange rates dobras per US dollar - 2390.04 (December 2000), 7,119.0 (1999), 6,883.2 (1998), 4,552.5 (1997), 2,203.2 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
President Miguel TROVOADA (since 4 April 1991)

head of government:
Prime Minister Guilherma Posser da COSTA (since 30 December 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 30 June and 21 July 1996 (next to be held NA July 2001); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president

election results:
Miguel TROVOADA reelected president in Sao Tome's second multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - Miguel TROVOADA 52.74%, Manuel Pinto da COSTA 47.26%		 -
Exports $3.2 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) -
Exports - commodities cocoa 90%, copra, coffee, palm oil -
Exports - partners Netherlands 18%, Germany 9%, Portugal 9% (1998) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $178 million (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
23%

industry:
19%

services:
58% (1997 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 1 00 N, 7 00 E 71 00 N, 8 00 W
Geography - note - barren volcanic island with some moss and grass
Highways total:
320 km

paved:
218 km

unpaved:
102 km (1996)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) -
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products -
Imports - partners Portugal 42%, US 20%, South Africa 6% (1998) -
Independence 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber -
Infant mortality rate 48.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5% (2000 est.) -
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 13 (Jan Mayen and Svalbard) (2000)
Irrigated land 100 sq km (1993 est.) 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) -
Labor force NA -
Labor force - by occupation population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing

note:
shortages of skilled workers		 -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
36%

permanent pastures:
1%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
61% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages Portuguese (official) -
Legal system based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 8 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - MLSTP-PSD 56%, PCD 14.5%, ADI 29%; seats by party - MLSTP-PSD 31, ADI 16, PCD 8		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
65.59 years

male:
64.15 years

female:
67.07 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
73%

male:
85%

female:
62% (1991 est.)		 -
Location Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland
Map references Africa Arctic Region
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 contiguous zone: 10 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 4 NM
Merchant marine total:
39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 130,843 GRT/149,048 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 1, container 3, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Norway
Military branches Army, Navy, Security Police -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1 million (FY94) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.5% (FY94) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
34,205 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
18,043 (2001 est.)		 -
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1975) -
Nationality noun:
Sao Tomean(s)

adjective:
Sao Tomean		 -
Natural hazards NA dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970
Natural resources fish, hydropower none
Net migration rate -3.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; other small parties -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 165,034 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 3.18% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Santo Antonio, Sao Tome none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA


note: there is one radio and meteorological station (1998)
Radios 38,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist) -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.84 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
adequate facilities

domestic:
minimal system

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 3,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 6,942 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 2 (1997) -
Terrain volcanic, mountainous volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers
Total fertility rate 6.02 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways none none
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